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Как писать письмо на английском языке: образец с переводом

17 мая 2018
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Люди общаются с помощью писем испокон времен. По тому, как составлен текст письма, можно очень многое сказать о человеке: о его образовании, интересах, манерах, и, самое главное, владении языком, на котором он пишет. Всем изучающим английский язык рано или поздно приходится сталкиваться с написанием так называемого “письма другу”. Такое задание включено во множество языковых экзаменов и неспроста: с помощью него можно всецело оценить навыки владения языком, словарный запас и другие важные моменты.

Содержание статьи:

Все письма можно условно поделить на две группы: деловые (business letter) и личные (personal letter). В статье мы рассмотрим принципы и особенности написания второй группы - личных писем, которые также можно назвать неформальными (informal letter).

Стилистика личного письма

Логично, что личные письма адресовываются людям, которые являются близкими для вас: это могут быть родственники, друзья, знакомые и любимые. В таких письмах можно делиться последними событиями из жизни и новостями, поздравлять с праздниками, рассказывать шутки, употреблять разговорную речь и сленг. Человек, которому адресовано письмо, должен чувствовать от него заботливый и дружелюбный посыл.

Структура письма на английском языке

В неформальном письме нет очень строгих правил по оформлению - всё-таки переписка ведется между знакомыми людьми и официальщина тут ни к чему. Но есть несколько важных аспектов, на которые стоит обратить свое внимание при написании личных писем. Некоторыми из правил можно пренебречь, но если вы хотите, чтобы письмо выглядело более опрятным и грамотным, стоит воспользоваться так называемыми шаблонами, в которых письмо поделено на несколько смысловых частей. С ними мы и познакомим вас далее.

“Шапка” письма на английском языке

“Шапкой” личного письма называется адрес отправителя и дата отправления. Такое название этот блок получил из-за того, что располагается эта информация справа вверху страницы над всем остальным текстом. Последовательность данных следующая:

  • Первая строка: номер дома и название улицы, через запятую - номер квартиры

    Вторая строка: название города и почтовый индекс

    Третья строка: название страны (без точек и запятых)

    Четвертая строка включает в себя дату написания письма. Её также можно писать через строку от предыдущего текста.

Пример:

46 Riverview Park
New York 542210
USA
15th February, 2008

Дату письма можно указывать различными способами:

15 February, 2008
February 15th, 2008
February 15, 2008.

Обращение в личном письме

Само письмо следует начать с обращения. Его форма будет зависеть от того, насколько близки вы с получателем письма. Пишется обращение (или greeting) с новой строки слева, а после него должна стоять запятая.

Самым популярным является обращение, начинающееся со слова Dear (дорогой). Ниже представлены некоторые из вариантов написания обращений с этим словом:

Dear Sam (обращаясь к друзьям, родственникам); 

Dear Sir (более официальное обращение, которое может быть использовано для письма к начальству); 

Dear Mr. Adams (тоже официальное обращению, но уже к человеку, которым вам малознаком или незнаком вообще).

Есть несколько нюансов, за которыми нужно следить при написании обращений. Например, если получателей двое, необходимо указать в обращении оба имени. А если вы не знаете, замужем женщина или нет, то вместо Miss и Mrs пишите Ms.

Важно: сокращения Mr., Ms., Mrs. и Dr. никогда не пишутся в обращениях полностью! И, наоборот, есть слова, сокращения которых не допустимы. К ним относятся Professor, Captain, Senator и другие.

Помимо перечисленных вариантов написания обращения (или salutation), есть ещё несколько допустимых формулировок:

My dear Sam
Dearest
My darling
Hi/Hello, my dear Sam.

Основной текст (тело) письма на английском языке

В основной части письма также есть определенные правила и структура, благодаря которой текст делится на несколько смысловых частей, каждая из которых отвечает за что-то свое.

Первый абзац

В нем содержится так называемое opening sentence - вводное предложение или вступление. Обычно в нем ссылаются на прошлое письмо, благодарят за него, рассказывают, почему так долго не писали или просто радуются тому, что у собеседника все в порядке.

Второй абзац

Это начало основного сообщения письма. Здесь необходимо будет ответить на все вопросы, возникшие у вашего друга по переписке. Писать эту часть можно используя разговорные конструкции: сленг, восклицания и всяческие сокращения.

Пример:

You are asking me about... - Ты спрашивал меня о...

I'll do my best to answer your questions. - Я постараюсь ответить на твои вопросы.

Третий и четвертый абзац

Часть, в которой необходимо рассказать о себе. Здесь вы можете повествовать о новостях из своей жизни, задавать собеседнику вопросы, пригласить на событие или выразить благодарность.

Пример:

I thought you might be interested to hear about/know that... - Я подумала, тебе могло бы быть интересно узнать, что...

Неге is some news about... - У меня есть новости о…

What have you been up to? - Что интересного у тебя произошло?

I was wondering if you'd like to come on holiday with us. - Мне интересно, хотел бы ты поехать с нами на каникулы.

I really appreciated all your help/advice. - Я действительно ценю твою помощь.

Пятый абзац

Это завершающее (заключительное) предложение - closing sentence. Здесь вы подытоживаете свое сообщение, желаете всего хорошего собеседнику, просите о помощи или совете. Можно передать кому-либо привет или выразить свою надежду на встречу в будущем.

Пример:
I wonder if you could help me. - Мне интересно, смог бы ты мне помочь.

Write soon. - Напиши как можно скорее.

Give my love/regards to.../Say hello to... - Передавай привет...

See you soon. – До скорой встречи.

Иногда в заключении указывают причину, по которой вам необходимо прервать свой рассказ.

Пример:

Anyway, I must go and get on with my work. - В любом случае, я должен идти работать дальше.

Заключительная фраза

Классическое завершение любого письма - вежливая фраза (subscription). После нее обязательно ставится запятая.

Пример:

Love, - С любовью,

Best wishes, - С наилучшими пожеланиями,

Yours, - Ваш/Ваша,

Take care, - Береги себя.

Подпись отправителя

Подпись (signature) пишется на следующей строке сразу после заключительной фразы, без точки.

Шаблон письма на английском языке

Личное письмо очень похоже структурой на деловое - разница только в стиле речи. Благодаря такой четкой структурированности, читать ваше письмо будет легко и понятно, и ни одна из тем, затронутых в сообщении, не будет пропущена читателем письма.



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